The idea of God concept in the modern period can be explained by means of the work of philosophers such as Rawls, Hilary,, and others. According to these philosophers, God concept does not have a distinct, unifying, unprovable meaning. Rather, it is a matter of interpretation. It is not easy to define God concept because it is vague and undefined.
In the modern period, God concept has been subject to rationalistic scrutiny and therefore, has been rendered meaningless. Accordingly, God concept has been rejected empirical knowledge as a means of knowing God, as explained by the philosophers. But God concept is neither obscure nor arbitrary. Instead it is a matter of intelligent speculation based on the principle of cause and effect, necessitated by the observation of natural and necessary phenomena. Thus God concept in the modern period is defined by the given circumstances.
However, the attempt to define God concept is guided by three basic presuppositions of science. First, science recognizes God as the source of all natural and physical laws. Second, science recognizes that God exists because it is the only efficient cause for all the nature, including the life and actions of every existing thing. Third, science recognizes that God exists as the exact reality that it has been conceived of by its effective cause in the external world.
Science cannot resolve the problem of God’s existence. Science can provide only the patterns of behavior of natural laws that are consistent with the functioning of an efficient cause. If the pattern is found to be inconsistent with the efficient cause, then either the patterns or the laws must be modified or new physical laws are to be substituted. Science cannot provide absolute certainty regarding God’s presence.
There are many difficulties that arise out of the fact that science can neither prove nor disprove God’s existence. Science can neither prove nor disprove the existence of God. Science has neither established nor falsified the basic concepts of traditional religion. No biblical scriptures support the idea of a divine reality. Even if some traditional scriptures had advocated such concepts, it would have been against the general principles of most religions.
Science has no independent means to establish the reality of God. Science cannot establish the truth of a proposition unless it receives an adequate experimental confirmation. God is not relevant to science in the same way that God is irrelevant to religion. To put it differently, religion has no objective meaning or objective definition outside of human experience. God’s experience, which is God’s subjective reality, has no equivalent outside the human experience.
God Goes not play any role in the universe and humans cannot know God. If there is a personal God, then we cannot experience God’s reality. God is external to our reality and we cannot know God unless we come into direct contact with God. This means that we must “know” God through experience. So if God is irrelevant to human experience, how can there be a personal God, for whom there is no experience?
God does not interact with the world or with its parts in any special way. God does not supply the universe with life or make provision for its deficiencies. Humans cannot know God, because God does not interact with their lives, their actions, their concepts, their thoughts or their feelings. Therefore, God could not be known by science. There are no attributes of God that science can label as relevant to understanding his existence or personal existence. God is thus irrelevant to modern scientific endeavour.
God does not interact with the world or with its parts in any special way. The experience that humans have with God will always be subjective. In fact, the truth is that it cannot be known because God does not interact with the world or with its parts in any special way. God does not provide any information about God, his relationship with the world, his intentions, his power, his wisdom or his knowledge. God cannot be known by science because there is no such attribute, concept or reality in God.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that there are no essential attributes of God. God’s personal experience, his power and his knowledge are therefore irrelevant to science. God’s reality is therefore solely personal and private. In other words, the personal God concept cannot be demonstrated, measured, perceived or otherwise grasped by science. This reality is what Albert Einstein called a God-concept.
On the other hand, from the above analysis it can be seen that God’s experience, power and knowledge are sufficient to establish a proposition. A proposition could be scientific or atheistic in nature. It could also be personal in nature. A proposition is nothing but a belief or an assertion supported by certain evidence, usually derived from experience.