The process of reproduction in an organism is called reproduction. Different forms of reproduction in living organisms includes asexual reproduction, a gamete-interference reproduction and an intracellular reproduction. Asexual reproduction means reproduction without involvement of a sexual partner and gamete is meant here. In a gamete-interference reproduction the process of reproduction involves both the eggs and the gametes but in case of intracellular reproduction only the eggs are reproduced. reproduction can be self-organised or it may involve a partner.
Sexual reproduction in organisms is broadly divided into two broad stages, male (males) and female (females). The distinction between male and female sexual reproduction is based on their genitalia. In animals, the male genitalia have a penis and a scrotum which are the parts involved in sexual reproduction. The external part of the penis, testicles and prostate are the parts required for reproduction in males and ovaries and womb of females respectively in females. In both the cases, sexual reproduction involves the division of a zygote (which is an egg cell) into a few cells which form an embryo or a sperm.
The process of reproduction in living beings is further split into a male/male process and a female/femoral process. In the case of male reproduction the sperm is responsible for carrying the fertilized eggs to the fallopian tube, anaphylaxis preparation for birth, implantation of an embryo and pregnancy. In female reproduction, the ovary and the uterus are not used for the process of reproduction; instead the eggs are detached from the ovaries during the process of ovulation. The fertilized egg is then carried to the vagina by the male sperm.
The process of sexual reproduction in animals is further divided into a male/female process. This division is mainly due to the variations in the genetic makeup of both the individuals. One of these differences is found in the occurrence of the Y chromosome, which is passed on only by the female counterpart. The other difference is that the male gametes do not contain a Y chromosome. In order to facilitate sexual reproduction, the gonads of the animals are employed to secrete a gonad hormone, thereby triggering the process of sexual reproduction in both the sexes.
When we look into the explanation of the division of the sexes in relation to reproduction, it is important to give reasons for the division. For instance, in animals, where the Y chromosome is present in both the sexes, the process of sexual reproduction is assisted by the presence of the Y chromosome. This is possible because the Y chromosome contains the mutation that is essential for the production of gametes that carry a Y chromosome, a sperm and an ovum. The presence of the Y chromosome in females gives reasons for the division of the sexes.
On the other hand, it is observed that the Y chromosomes are absent in animals and plants, which make them non-autonomous reproductive systems. This results in a mosaic asexual reproduction system. The mosaics can be seen in the way some species reproduce through a process involving both fertilization of a female with a male sperm and the subsequent development of an ovum outside the body of the female. This happens, especially in plants, so as to enable them to sustain life even without sexual intercourse.
In plants, the gamete formation process is considered incomplete if the presence of a Y chromosome is absent, due to which reproduction in an organism is said to be a mosaic process. This is why the plants reproduce via sexual reproduction. In vertebrates, sexual reproduction is known to be extremely simple. It is accomplished by separating a male from a female during the process of sexual reproduction. This is called asexual reproduction.
In the case of animals and plants, the process of reproduction involves specialized structures which allow reproduction to take place, either asexually or sexually. These specialized structures also allow the progression of the species. During the sexual reproduction process, the eggs and sperm are joined together and transferred to the uterus of the mother. After a gestation period of around one month, the developing child leaves its mother’s uterus and is born.