The cell is the basic unit of living matter. It is self-sufficient and performing important functions of life independently. All living organisms including animals, plants are composed of cell. So, cells are regarded as the basic unit of living matter.
Every cell contains molecules, which are composed of nucleic acid. The nucleic acid can be considered as the building block of cell. There are two types of DNA namely, Ribosomes and protozoa. Both protozoa and ribosomes have their own set of DNA coding, whereas the DNA is same in both kind of cells.
In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells the nucleus is surrounded by a complex membrane. The cell membrane is made up of single membrane bound organelle. Single membrane bound organelle refers to the presence of one ribosome in a dense membrane. The ribosome is a modular DNA therefore it contains only single sequence of DNA thereby making it very similar to the bacterial virus. The ribosomes therefore regulate the expression of genes thus leading to the generation of new organisms. The nucleus is surrounded by a fluid permeable membrane that provides passage for the ribosomes and the other elements for the assembly of the complete structure of the cell.
The role of ribosomes in the regulation of genetic information is played by the transcription factors. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to the transcription initiation residue of DNA thereby activating the genes. Another role of the transcription factors is to correct the mistakes that are usually caused due to a transcription error. The other part of the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum, releases various chemicals that facilitate the assembly of the complete cell structure. The cell theory postulates that the entire cell is structured like a spindle with the major axis being the plasma membrane.
The other form of cell is called the double membrane bound cell. The double membrane bound cell is made up of two membranes that lie opposite each other. One membrane is generally located on the outside of the cell and another on the inside of the cell. The structure of the double membrane bound cell is similar to the sponge that is used by the swimmers in the pool to avoid getting wet on the ground.
There is another form of cell that has a double membrane as well as a lipid bilayer. This cell is called the lens cell. The lens cell actually consists of millions of spherical lipid bilayer discs that have no liquid interior. These lipid bilayers are made up of lipids that are identical to those found in our body. In this particular case, the cell membrane does not play any role at all.
The last type of cell that is important for sustaining life is called the plastid. Plastids are generally made up of a nucleosome, nucleoplasm, and an enzyme. Nucleoplasm can be held together by one or more base pairs along with a nucleotide sequence that either forms a functional DNA or makes an RNA.
The last form of cell that we will discuss is the lysosome. The lysosome is a ring structure that is made of a proton, an electron, and a phosphate. When a lysosome is formed, there are typically two types of molecules that may bind to the lysosome such as a triphosphate and phosphate. A hole will generally exist in the middle of the lysosome where the DNA will bind if it was to become functional. If the DNA is not functional, the lysosome will leave and the cell will die.
In order to understand the function of the cell membrane within the body we must first understand the structure of the plastids. The plastids are rings of a very thick substance that is made up of both hydrogen and oxygen. The size of the plastids can vary significantly. Some plastids are as large as 50 microns, while others are only a few microns in size.
One function of the plastid in the cell is to act as a miniaturization machine for the ribosomes. The ribosomes are the DNA material that is responsible for the construction of most living organisms. The ribosomes can only construct so many genes at a time and if they attempt to construct too many genes they will stop functioning and the cell will die. The reason the cell has a “life” is that the ribosomes continuously attempt to repair themselves by creating new ribosomes and inserting them into the single-celled organism.
If the repair process is interrupted, the cell will cease functioning until it is restarted by the ribosomes. If the repair process stops the Ribosome will no longer be able to make new DNA. This is how important the function of the plastid/nucleus crossing is within the development of life on earth. When life began the genetic material called DNA was present but for some unknown reason the DNA became isolated from the rest of the living organism and became what we know as the nucleus.