Organisms that live in nature have various types of anatomy of flowering plants. This article presents descriptions and examples of these variations. Different plants have different traits and some may be used for comparative purposes. It begins with an introduction to the parts of a plant and then goes into details about their structure.
Major points, introduction, summary, generalization. Plant anatomy is composed of tissues: vascular bundles that carry water and nutrients to the leaves, stems, roots and other parts of the plant; lymph vessels and nerve endings that convey messages from one part of the plant to another; muscles which make the plant move about; and seed containing cells which reproduce the plant. Major parts of a plant are: phloem, tracheoles, myotonic, vascular, nervous and reproductive organs. The parts of a vascular system are: epidermis, dermis, and muscle tissue.
Some vascular bundles are directed to the leaves, while others are directed towards the roots. The parts of the phloem are: lamella, gametes and placenta. Cambium is a hard, waxy substance present in the leaf surface that serves as a protective layer. The cambium is present in four states: unicellular, cell (short or long), mixed and absolute. Other vascular bundles are described, as described below.
The cambium is arranged vertically along the stem and extends up to about halfway through the length of the leaf. It has three projections – one crescent shaped structure on the upper surface, the two other projections lie inside the crescent. The ray of pericyclic action is directed to the akers and phyllodes. Finally, the ray of equatorial action is directed towards the apical region of the leaf where the true leaf unfolds. The cambiums are covered with minute hairs called phloem cells, and they form a network that helps regulate the division and growth of the plant.
The apical region is an opening to the interior of the leaf where the true leaf unfolds. It consists of four rays that give rise to the vascular bundles. The first two rays give rise to the apical cells and the other two provide the lateral rays with their nourishment. Finally, the lateral rays give rise to the pericycle, which supplies the plant with its food. The complete arrangement of the vascular cambium and the cambiums gives rise to the general arrangement of the plant. This arrangement also helps to determine the distribution of the lateral and the apical rays of light.
In relation to the distribution of light, the two broad categories are known as the primary and secondary growths. The primary growths occur along the margins and within the apical region and give rise to the primary cork cambium and the primary phyllodes. The secondary growths occur along the apical meristems and along the lateral meristems and give rise to the secondary cork cambium and the secondary phyllodes. All these cormicles are connected by numerous cork projection branches.
The development of the vascular bundles occurs during the process of sporulation. This process can take place at any stage of the life cycle of the plant. At the time of sporulation, the shoots thicken and become covered with a white hard stem, which is known as the phloem. It is this thickened stem that supplies the phloem to the other parts of the plant. The three types of phloem provide support to each other and make their growth process complete.
There are three types of vascular bundles in a plant and they are known as the metacarpal, the protoretry and the ectophyll. The metacarpal is the broad flat body of a plant near its base and is composed of three to nine branches that reach up to the leaf. The protoretry consists of three to nine branches that grow from the base of the leaf and reach toward the sky. Finally there are the ectophyll which is made up of a spongy tissue and is found at the base of the plant, where it is surrounded by the metacarpal and protoretry. Understanding the anatomy of flowering plants is essential to distinguish between each of these three types and understand how each one creates a productive vegetative structure.